A review of the effect of UAE optimization parameters on antioxidant activity

Abstract Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters is necessary to determine the optimum level parameters, including solvent-to-material ratio, power, time, solvent concentration, temperature, and pH. This review focuses on UAE parameters’ effects antioxidant activity, their interactions, best method examining activity respond UAE’s optimization. It was determined that optimal time 15 minutes, any duration longer than could result in reduction activity. The temperature effect important, wherein decreases significantly when higher 45 °C. Increasing concentration beyond 50% decreased No increase observed with a solvent/sample ratio greater 40 ml/g. Increased ultrasound power leads increased compounds, especially range such as 50 150 W. However, creates free hydroxyl radicals destroy compound. With an pH, radical scavenging increases significantly. should, however, be at near-neutral level, pH 6. Comparative literature has shown optimizing contributes enhanced enhances resource conservation, energy chemicals.